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The diverse topography and appealing climate of The Gambia make it the home of an abundance of flora and fauna. As a result, national parks, nature reserves, and many other things occupy about 3.5% of the total land which is 38,000 ha. To tenderly nourish exotic wildlife species, several Gambia national parks, bird sanctuaries, nature reserves and other protected areas have been designated to preserve this bio-diversity. The following the most prominent national parks and nature reserve in The Gambia.
Established in 1987, Kiang West National Park (KWNP) is located in the Lower River Division in the Kiang West District, approximately 145km from Banjul. It spans over a vast area of about 11,500 hectares. The Park is dominated by dry woodland vegetation, with few pockets of mangrove and mudflat. Today, it is one of the largest of The Gambia’s protected nature reserves and houses the greatest diversity of wildlife in the country. Wildlife tours into Kiang West Park enable close encounters with a great diversity of wildlife such as caracal, serval, bushbuck and common duiker; Roan antelope, Warthogs more abundant in woodlands, spotted hyenas, there are also occasional sightings of leopards around the park boundaries. Reptile is also present including the Nile crocodile, African python, Nile monitor, Puff adder, Royal python, Bell’s Hinged Tortoise and Spitting cobra. More than 300 species of birds have also been sighted in the park.
Bao Bolong National Reserve is Gambia’s largest nature reserve. This valley nature reserve is situated on the northern bank of the Gambia River and stretches over an area of more than 140km from the border south of Ferlo towards the River. It boasts an amazing variety of fauna the more prominent being the Clawless otter, Nile crocodile, West African Manatee, hippopotamus and Sitatunga. Boat safaris on river Gambia present the best option to explore the reserve. The drier areas of the reserve can be accessed by foot. In this reserve other than animals it hosts several varieties of water birds such as Woodland Kingfisher, Little Egret, Night Heron, Common Sandpiper, Grey Heron, White-faced Whistling Duck, etc. It is a great birding area.
The River Gambia National Park was established in 1978. Also known as the Baboon Islands, the Park is situated in Niamina, East of the Central River zone. It offers one of the best places to see Chimpanzees. It occupies over 580 hectares including 5 mid-river islands near Georgetown in the eastern Gambia. River Gambia National Park was established primarily as a rehabilitation sanctuary for chimpanzees. (Home to the Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Trust, the oldest chimp rehabilitation project in Africa). The main feature of the Park is the Gambia River. Some of the wildlife found here includes hippopotamus, Nile crocodiles and monkeys such as the Green Vervet Colobus, Egrets, Ibis, Herons Guinea Baboons Aardvark, Bushbuck; reptile species are also present. Birdlife is also spectacular. Special birds are found here.
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Abuko Nature Reserve is Gambia’s oldest protected area and it is located on the borders of Lamin Village in the Kombo North District about 25 km (16 miles) from the capital, Banjul. This is one of The Gambia’s most visited reserves and the busiest in terms of eco-tourists. It spans over 180 acres of land and is a celebrated location for exotic birds such as the Senegal parrot and pied kingfisher; and over 50 species of rare trees. Visitors to the Abuko Nature Reserve can not fail to catch a glimpse of crocodiles, antelopes, hyenas and monkeys (including the 3 special primate species i.e. vervet monkeys, red colobus monkeys and patas monkeys), python, puff adder as well as numerous butterflies and moths. It is a perfect destination for birding.
Niumi National Park is located in the north-west part of the country. It occupies the coastal lagoon of The Gambia north of the river with a size of 49.4 sq km. Apart from being an important fish breeding ground; it constitutes one of the last untouched mangroves stands on the West African coast north of the equator. It was declared a national park in 1986 from an area comprising the southern part of the coastal wetlands and mangroves of the Saloum Delta. The park is adjoining with Delta du Saloum National Park and Biosphere Reserve in Senegal. It is home to several species of rare animals and birds. Leopards, hyenas, oribi, reedbuck, hyenas and several primates, Hyenas; reptiles including humpbacked dolphin, Nile crocodile and Grimm’s duiker also occur in the Park. Apart from the animals, there are more than 200 resident bird species that are found in the park. Some of the most important among them are Slender-billed Gull, Caspian Tern Sterna, Royal Tern Sterna, Sandwich Tern Sterna, etc. Several species of warblers have also been spotted and use the island as a stop-over and feeding site.
