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Cape Verde republic is an independent island lying in the Atlantic Sea some 450 km off the West African and forms part of the Atlantic Ocean islands region of Africa. A former Portuguese colony, Cape Verde is compromised of 10 islands and five islets.
The Cape Verde archipelago was uninhabited until the Portuguese discovered the islands in 1456, and subsequently turned it into a trading hub for African slaves and later an important coaling stop for transatlantic shipping. Therefore, Island’s population today has both African and Portuguese antecedents.
The Portuguese eventual discovery of the Islands in 1456 intensified African slavery. Slaves were brought to the islands to work on Portuguese plantations and later joined by entrepreneurs and refugees escaping religious tension in Europe hence the rich cultural and ethnic mix on the Island. The influence of African culture, however, is most pronounced on the island of Santiago, the majority reside. Portuguese is the official language although Cape Verdeans also speak Crioulo – a Creole dialect based on archaic Portuguese. The republic also has a rich tradition of Crioulo literature and music.
95% of Cape Verdeans are Roman Catholic, although as with elsewhere church attendance has fallen in recent years. The evangelical Church of the Nazarene also has a following, though it is dwarfed by Catholicism in coverage.
Administratively, Cape Verde comprises of 17 divisions; Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Filipe, Sao Miguel, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente and Tarrafal. Praia is the capital. The following freedom in 1975, and an unsure interest in unification with Guinea-Bissau, a one-party system was established and upheld until the 1990 multi-party elections. Cape Verde up to now continues to exhibit one of Africa’s most solid democratic governments.
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Tremendous damage was done to the Islands’ delicate environment during the colonization. Poor land management coupled with over-grazing impacted permanent damage to this environment where periodic droughts are widespread. Starvation and famine have damaged the Islands several times over the previous five centuries. Since achieving independence from Portugal in 1975, Cape Verde has struggled economically also. Sparse rain and limited natural resources have also gravely induced people to emigrate to almost less than half of the entire population residing on the islands.
Cape Verde has lesser fauna than just about anywhere in Africa. Birdlife is a little richer (around 75 species), and includes a good number of endemics (38 species). The frigate bird and the extremely rare razo lark are much sought after by twitchers. The grey-headed kingfisher is more common though with its strident call.
Weather
Because of their positioning in the Atlantic, the islands are windy, year in, year out; and where the northeast trade wind can be particularly strong. Rainfall is quite unreliable and varies differently on each island. Sal, Boa Vista and Sao Vicente receive almost no rain, while some of the higher peaks on Antao, Fogo and Santo can receive up to 2ml a year, resulting in their lush green interiors. Temperatures also vary from island to island, and within each island – at times going up to 40 degrees in the desolate regions of the flat islands.
