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Designated a National Park on 30th November 1970, Salonga National Park (Le Parc National de la Salonga) spanning over 36,560 sq km is the world’s second-largest tropical rainforest national park and the largest in Africa. It lies isolated in an extensive area of the central Congo River basin about 100 km south of Boende, midway between Kinshasa and Kisangani.
Salonga National Park, inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984, supports a diversity of forest habitats and many endangered endemic species including the bonobo (pygmy chimpanzee), the Congo peafowl, African forest elephants and the white rhinoceros.
The park is divided into two sections by a 45 km stretch of relatively high human density and it is the only National Park in the range of bonobos (covers about 10 % of the bonobo’s range) thus one of the most important conservation areas in Central Africa. The Park also stretches over a 1/3 of the immense Salonga-Lukenie-Sankuru Forest block and is the second-largest almost intact tropical rainforest reserve in the world. Within the park, areas are remote communities that mostly occur the river banks.
The majority of the park is covered by equatorial forest, the main types of forest being riverine, swamp and dry land.
Salonga National Park features a typically continental equatorial type of climate hot and humid with a mean annual precipitation of 2000mm over most of the reserve. There is a slightly drier season from June to August. Seasonal flooding is normal due to the rains that come heavy particularly are mostly downpours and on only 30 days in the year.
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Salonga is a natural habitat to more than 50 large to medium-sized mammals; the most significant of all being the bonobos or pygmy chimpanzee Pan a great ape endemic to the central Congolese forests eco-region. Other primates include Angolan colobus, West African red colobus, the endemic black mangabey and numerous Cercopithecus species including dryad monkey and red-tailed monkey. In savanna-like areas in the south, there are several grassland-dependent species including side-striped jackal and common duiker. Among the large mammals include Hippopotamuses (in Congo River), Elephants, Western Bongo, Giant Ground Pangolin, Tree Pangolin, Pygmy Cape buffalos, African Forest Buffalos, Blue Duikers, Sitatungas, Bushbucks, etc. Prominent reptiles are the African slender-snouted crocodiles, also known as the “false” crocodile commonly sighted in river Congo. There are over 400 species of fish.
Close to 101 bird species have been recorded in the park and over 150 seasonal migrant birds visit the area. Common bird sightings include the Migrant Black Stork, Cattle Egret, Yellow-Billed Stork, African Grey Parrot and the Endemic Congo Peafowl.
Because it’s a remote location within the equatorial regions of Bandundu and Kasai, Salonga National Park is only accessible by boat and a light aircraft.
