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Egypt is found in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. The nation covers a total surface area of approximately 1,010,400 sq km. It is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the north; in its east Israel and the Red Sea, on the west by Libya and Sudan in the south.
Commonly referred to as a transcontinental country, Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and power in North Africa, Mediterranean Region, Nile Basin, Islamic World, the Red Sea and African continent. This Arab country has experienced evolution at a fast speed. It why it’s regarded as a momentous political and cultural nation of the Middle East because of the tremendous changes it has gone through. It is the mother of African Civilization.
Geographically, Egypt is divided into two regions; Lower Egypt consisting of the delta area and Upper Egypt, comprising the valley south of Cairo. Egypt has a coastline of approximately 2,450 km, of which two-thirds are on the Red Sea. The cape of Suez, which connects the Sinai Peninsula with the African mainland, is traversed from the Mediterranean to the Gulf of Suez by the Suez Canal. Also built around the Nile Valley- richly fertile soils bordering the river, to the country’s east, across the Suez Canal is the cone-shaped Sinai with Mt Sinai and Mt Catherine, the highest mountain in Egypt (2642m). More than 90 per cent of Egypt comprises of desert regions: In the west is the Libyan Desert, a stretch of the Sahara Desert which is also known as the Western Desert.
5,000 years ago, the first Pharaoh, King Narmer, founded the world’s first nation-state, recording it in the world’s first written script. The pharaohs were not just kings or queens, they were gods and they were worshipped as divine rulers. But they also commanded vast administrative armies, models of modern management and efficiency. They employed a sophisticated system of bureaucracy which however enabled the construction of Egypt’s record monuments, the pyramids, numerous tombs in the Valley of the Kings, the great temples of Karnak, the ruins of Thebes plus the Sphinx at Giza. Most travel tourists of Ancient Egypt have thus reckoned that the nation has blossomed and will survive to bear witness to the refinement and beauty of many Egyptian golden ages.
Population
With a total population of 72 million residents, Egypt represents a quarter of the population of the Arab world. Cairo the capital alone has about 16 million people. The country’s population composition, however, comprises of people of varied backgrounds. Most Egyptians originate from Ancient Egypt and the Nile Valley. Others are of the Arabic and Levantine descents and the Nubians of Upper Egypt.
Egypt is has a diverse cultural mix as evidenced in every major city. On your Egypt Travel tour to these areas expect to find traditions that are still prevalent dating from the Pharaohs and ancient Egypt. Also in other parts, you will encounter original tribal customs that were introduced in by many invaders throughout the centuries. Yet here you will find that the customs and mentality tend to be full of warmth towards visitors and foreigners. Egypt is considered the most attractive country in the region for travellers because of the pure nature of the local Egyptians.
Egypt became a republic on 18 June 1953. President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak has been the President of the Republic since 14 October 1981 until the year 2011. The current president of Egypt is H.E Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi.
Arabic is the official language used in Egypt. When Arabic is spoken in the streets, it’s like a dialect and differs a great deal from classical Arabic. Although English is also extensively used, people will appreciate you taking the time to learn a few words and phrases. Also, several other European languages are spoken including German, French, Russian, Spanish and Italian more especially in the holiday resorts of Sharm el-Sheikh and Hurghada.
Much as most Egyptians are of the Muslims faith, there are over 12 million Christians living in Egypt today. The two communities benefit from an ethical coexistence.
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During the holy season of Ramadan, all Muslims fast during the day. But the evening meal called “Iftar” climaxes in celebration usually spiced up by street activity until late evenings.
Egypt possesses one of the most developed and diversified economies in the Middle East, with industries such as tourism, agriculture, industry and service at almost equal rates in national production. These have propelled the Egyptian economy significantly, also attributed to the legislation aim of luring more investments, enhancing both internal and political stability, along with recent trade and market liberalization.
Less than one-tenth of the land area of Egypt is under cultivation and it covers the valley and Nile delta, several desert oases, and fertile sections along the Suez Canal.
Egypt is a country bathed in almost perpetual sunshine the whole year round, characteristic with warm days and cool nights. During the summer months, the climate in the inland desert areas can vary widely from 7C at night, to 43C during the day. Temperatures in Egypt, especially along the coastal regions such as Sharm el-Sheikh and Hurghada resorts, usually experience an average of 14C during winter and around 30C in the summer. The summer months from May until August will see Egypt undergoing over 12 hours of steady sun heat per day. Rainfall in Egypt is very low with less than 80mm per year and prevailing northern winds can take the edge of the heat.
Peak travel season in Egypt runs from mid-October to May, and this is the best time to visit. As you will notice, the tourist season is during winter and spring, but this is also the high season, and prices go up at this time of year. Some hotels can be really expensive, and because of this, I would advise prior reservations for all hotels before you come, even the budget hotels.
Springtime also offers another good time to travel to Egypt. During this time the weather is fairly moderate, but ensure that you avoid The Khamsin wind as this is hit the country between March and April.
There are so many tourist sites that an adventurous tourist may wish to tour in Egypt. The lengths of your Egypt travel will, therefore, depend on you’re your interests. Egypt is a travel destination of endless discoveries! That is why it is unreasonable if you come to Egypt, especially the first-timer, and miss the pretentious sites like the Pyramids of Giza, Abu Simbel or the west bank of Luxor and several others. There are so many travellers who fly direct to Upper Egypt to see Luxor and Aswan, hoping that they will stumble across the Pyramids as well, and then they realize that they have to travel 720Km to Cairo, where the Pyramids actually are.
Egypt travellers can obtain an entry visa at any of the major airports or ports of entry. All foreigners coming to Egypt should possess a valid passport (with at least 6 months before expiry) to get an entry visa. The visas are obtainable from Egyptian Diplomatic and Consular Missions abroad. Visas can also be got from the country’s visa department at the Travel Documents, Immigration and Nationality Administration (TDINA) building at Mogamma.
